噴(pen)砂(sha)是一(yi)種表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)強(qiang)(qiang)化工(gong)藝(yi)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)噴(pen)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)來(lai)提(ti)高零件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)機械強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)、耐(nai)磨性、抗(kang)疲(pi)勞(lao)性和耐(nai)腐蝕性。也可用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)鑄造(zao)、鍛造(zao)和焊接(jie)零件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)消光、除垢和消除殘余應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)。拋(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)是一(yi)種機械表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)處(chu)理(li)工(gong)藝(yi)。其原理(li)是利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)高速(su)旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)葉(xie)輪(lun)甩出小鋼(gang)球(qiu)或小鐵球(qiu)來(lai)清潔零件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，從而(er)(er)提(ti)高外觀質(zhi)量，使工(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)美觀。同時(shi)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)焊接(jie)拉(la)(la)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)變為壓應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)，延(yan)長(chang)了工(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命。常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)球(qiu)(包括鑄球(qiu)、切球(qiu)和不銹鋼(gang)球(qiu)等。直徑(jing)在0.23.0之(zhi)間。拋(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)是將高速(su)旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)葉(xie)輪(lun)噴(pen)出的(de)(de)小鋼(gang)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)或鐵丸(wan)(wan)(wan)，以高速(su)撞擊(ji)零件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，從而(er)(er)強(qiang)(qiang)化零件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)機械性能(neng)。噴(pen)砂(sha)也可用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)修(xiu)改零件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。拋(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)不僅(jin)是一(yi)種表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)處(chu)理(li)，也是一(yi)種應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)釋放。目前市場上銷售的(de)(de)濕式噴(pen)砂(sha)機都采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)這種原理(li)。噴(pen)砂(sha)機的(de)(de)砂(sha)粒(li)通常是剛玉，介質(zhi)是水。拋(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)一(yi)般用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)球(qiu)，噴(pen)砂(sha)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)細砂(sha)。根據科學研(yan)究，有拉(la)(la)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)時(shi)比有壓應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)時(shi)更(geng)容易(yi)破壞金屬(shu)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。當(dang)零件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)承受壓應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)時(shi)，材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)疲(pi)勞(lao)壽命大大提(ti)高。因此，噴(pen)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)通常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)軸等容易(yi)疲(pi)勞(lao)斷裂的(de)(de)零件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，使其表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)形成壓應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)，從而(er)(er)延(yan)長(chang)產(chan)品的(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命。另外，由于(yu)(yu)(yu)金屬(shu)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)對(dui)張力(li)(li)敏感(gan)，金屬(shu)的(de)(de)抗(kang)拉(la)(la)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)遠低于(yu)(yu)(yu)抗(kang)壓強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)，所以機械中一(yi)般用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)抗(kang)拉(la)(la)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(屈服、拉(la)(la)伸)來(lai)表(biao)示(shi)金屬(shu)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)性能(neng)。

而噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)和(he)(he)(he)(he)拋(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)用(yong)來(lai)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)進行去(qu)污，主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為下(xia)(xia)一(yi)道(dao)(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)做(zuo)準備，比如噴(pen)(pen)漆(qi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)烤漆(qi)，也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為了保持零件(jian)的(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)一(yi)致(zhi)性。需(xu)要(yao)理(li)解的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，拋(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)強化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)，但(dan)噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)就(jiu)沒那么明顯了。通常拋(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)材料是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)小鋼球，噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)材料是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)石(shi)英砂(sha)(sha)。根據(ju)號碼。噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)和(he)(he)(he)(he)噴(pen)(pen)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)應保證下(xia)(xia)一(yi)道(dao)(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)的(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)粗糙(cao)度要(yao)求。復雜形狀一(yi)般采用(yong)噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)，不易手(shou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)除(chu)銹，效率低(di)，現(xian)(xian)場環境差，規則形狀采用(yong)拋(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)，污染小。有幾(ji)點需(xu)要(yao)了解：1.噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)和(he)(he)(he)(he)噴(pen)(pen)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)處理(li)，但(dan)并不意味著只噴(pen)(pen)鑄件(jian)，其(qi)他部位也可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)噴(pen)(pen)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)。2.噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)去(qu)除(chu)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)鐵銹和(he)(he)(he)(he)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)皮(pi)等。拋(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)的(de)(de)作用(yong)相對更多。噴(pen)(pen)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)不僅可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)去(qu)除(chu)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)鐵銹和(he)(he)(he)(he)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)皮(pi)，還(huan)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)提(ti)高(gao)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)粗糙(cao)度，去(qu)除(chu)毛刺(ci)和(he)(he)(he)(he)消(xiao)除(chu)內應力(li)，減少零件(jian)熱處理(li)后的(de)(de)變(bian)形，提(ti)高(gao)零件(jian)的(de)(de)耐磨(mo)性和(he)(he)(he)(he)抗壓能力(li)。4.目(mu)(mu)前噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)手(shou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)操作，而拋(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)更多的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)自動(dong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)半自動(dong)。拋(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)的(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)定(ding)義：拋(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)種機械表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)處理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)名稱(cheng)，類似的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)有噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)和(he)(he)(he)(he)拋(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)。噴(pen)(pen)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)種冷處理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)，分為噴(pen)(pen)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)清理(li)和(he)(he)(he)(he)噴(pen)(pen)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)強化(hua)。拋(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)清理(li)顧名思(si)義就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)清除(chu)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)皮(pi)等雜質，提(ti)高(gao)外觀質量。拋(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)強化(hua)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)高(gao)速運動(dong)的(de)(de)彈丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(60-110米/秒(miao))持續(xu)沖擊強化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)，在循環變(bian)形過程(cheng)中迫使目(mu)(mu)標表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)和(he)(he)(he)(he)表(biao)(biao)層(ceng)(0.10-0.85毫米)發生以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)變(bian)化(hua)：

1.微結構被修改;

2.非(fei)均勻塑(su)性(xing)變形的外表層引(yin)入殘余壓應(ying)力(li)，內(nei)表層產生殘余拉(la)應(ying)力(li);

3.外表面(mian)粗糙度發生變(bian)化(Ra Rz)。影響：可提高(gao)材料(liao)/零件(jian)的(de)抗疲勞斷裂能(neng)力，防止疲勞失效(xiao)、塑(su)性變(bian)形(xing)和脆性斷裂，提高(gao)疲勞壽命(ming)。噴砂的(de)定義：噴丸(wan)是(shi)一(yi)種廣泛應用于工廠的(de)表面(mian)強(qiang)化技術。它的(de)設備簡單，成本低，不受工件(jian)形(xing)狀(zhuang)和位置的(de)限制(zhi)